Compare Ecuador (2005) - Trinidad and Tobago (2002)

Compare Ecuador (2005) z Trinidad and Tobago (2002)

	Ecuador (2005)	Trinidad and Tobago (2002)

Administrative divisions	22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe	8 counties, 3 municipalities, and 1 ward*; Arima, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando, Tobago*, Victoria
Age structure	0-14 years: 33.5% (male 2,282,252/female 2,195,942) 15-64 years: 61.5% (male 4,094,146/female 4,130,096) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 310,336/female 350,821) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 23% (male 136,807; female 131,177) 15-64 years: 70.2% (male 419,847; female 396,643) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 35,146; female 44,104) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp	cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports	205 (2004 est.)	6 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 62 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 143 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 113 (2004 est.)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 283,560 sq km land: 276,840 sq km water: 6,720 sq km note: includes Galapagos Islands	total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Nevada	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Seven presidents have governed Ecuador since 1996.	The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate	22.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	13.66 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $7.9 billion expenditures: planned $7.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2004 est.)	revenues: $1.54 billion expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998) (1998)
Capital	Quito	Port-of-Spain
Climate	tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands	tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline	2,237 km	362 km
Constitution	10 August 1998	1 August 1976
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador conventional short form: Ecuador local long form: Republica del Ecuador local short form: Ecuador	conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Currency	-	Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Death rate	4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	8.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$16.81 billion (2004 est.)	$2.2 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie Anne KENNEY embassy: Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito mailing address: APO AA 34039 telephone: [593] (2) 256-2890 FAX: [593] (2) 250-2052 consulate(s) general: Guayaquil	chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-7200 FAX: [1] (202) 667-3482 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Jersey City (New Jersey), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mackisack LOGIE chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international	organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border and caused over 20,000 refugees to flee into Ecuador in 2004	none
Economic aid - recipient	$216 million (2002)	$24 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	Ecuador has substantial petroleum resources, which have accounted for 40% of the country's export earnings and one-fourth of central government budget revenues in recent years. Consequently, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. In the late 1990s, Ecuador suffered its worst economic crisis, with natural disasters and sharp declines in world petroleum prices driving Ecuador's economy into free fall in 1999. Real GDP contracted by more than 6%, with poverty worsening significantly. The banking system also collapsed, and Ecuador defaulted on its external debt later that year. The currency depreciated by some 70% in 1999, and, on the brink of hyperinflation, the MAHAUD government announced it would dollarize the economy. A coup, however, ousted MAHAUD from office in January 2000, and after a short-lived junta failed to garner military support, Vice President Gustavo NOBOA took over the presidency. In March 2000, Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided the framework for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and growth returned to its pre-crisis levels in the years that followed. Under the administration of Lucio GUTIERREZ - January 2003 to April 2005 - Ecuador benefited from higher world petroleum prices, but the government has made little progress on economic reforms necessary to reduce Ecuador's vulnerability to petroleum price swings and financial crises.	Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. A leading performer in the past 4 years has been the booming natural gas sector. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The expected recovery of the global economy, along with anticipated higher oil prices, are plus factors for 2002. Negative factors are persistent high unemployment and the political uncertainties following the contentious selection of a new government in December 2001.
Electricity - consumption	10.79 billion kWh (2002)	4.792 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	57 million kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	11.54 billion kWh (2002)	5.153 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands	water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%	black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Exchange rates	25,000 (2004), 25,000 (2003), 25,000 (2002), 25,000 (2001), 24,988 (2000)	Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2466 (January 2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former President Lucio GUTIERREZ was removed from office by congress effective 20 April 2005 head of government: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: the president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term (no immediate reelection); election last held 20 October 2002; runoff election held 24 November 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: results of the 24 November 2002 runoff election - Lucio GUTIERREZ elected president; percent of vote - Lucio GUTIERREZ 54.3%; Alvaro NOBOA 45.7%; note - Vice President Alfredo PALACIO assumed the presidency on 20 April 2005 after congress removed Lucio GUTIERREZ from office	chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2006); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%
Exports	387,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)	$4.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp	petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners	US 42.9%, Panama 14.3%, Peru 7.9%, Italy 4.6% (2004)	US 45.9%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms	red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8.7% industry: 30.5% services: 60.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 2% industry: 43% services: 55% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.8% (2004 est.)	4% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	2 00 S, 77 30 W	11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note	Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world	Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Heliports	1 (2004 est.)	-
Highways	total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)	total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 32% note: data for urban households only (October 2003)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents	transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports	NA	$3.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity	machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners	US 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil 6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)	US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8% (1999)
Independence	24 May 1822 (from Spain)	31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	10% (2004 est.)	4.2% (2001) (2001)
Industries	petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals	petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate	total: 23.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2004 est.)	5.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	CAN, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	17 (2000)
Irrigated land	8,650 sq km (1998 est.)	30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire court via a simple-majority resolution)	Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Labor force	4.53 million (urban) (2004 est.)	564,000 (2000) (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 8%, industry 24%, services 68% (2001)	construction and utilities 12%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 10%, services 64% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.85% permanent crops: 4.93% other: 89.22% (2001)	arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (1998 est.)
Languages	Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)	English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system	based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (100 seats; members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSC 25, PRE 15, ID 16, PRIAN 10, PSP 9, Pachakutik Movement 6, MPD 5, DP 4, PS-FA 3, independents 7; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 76.21 years male: 73.35 years female: 79.22 years (2005 est.)	total population: 68.59 years male: 66.04 years female: 71.25 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 94% female: 91% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94% (2000) male: 95.9% (1999) female: 91.7% (1999)
Location	Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references	South America	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500 meter isobath	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 241,403 GRT/391,898 DWT by type: chemical tanker 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 20 foreign-owned: 3 (Germany 1, Greece 1, Paraguay 1) (2005)	total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,910 GRT/7,546 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry, Naval Aviation, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE)	Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (including Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$655 million (2004)	$90 million (1999)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.2% (2004)	1.4% (1999)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 347,831 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 248,324 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)	Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality	noun: Ecuadorian(s) adjective: Ecuadorian	noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards	frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts	outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources	petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower	petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate	-6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	-10.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	extra heavy crude 578 km; gas 71 km; oil 1,386 km; refined products 1,185 km (2004)	crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km
Political parties and leaders	Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National Action Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Movement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]	National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochoy CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TUN [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Luis MACAS, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Marco MURILLO, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Pedro DE LA CRUZ, president]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS]	Jamaat-al Musilmeen [Yasin BAKR]
Population	13,363,593 (July 2005 est.)	1,163,724 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	45% (2001 est.)	21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate	1.24% (2005 est.)	-0.52% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar	Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Radio broadcast stations	AM 392, FM 35, shortwave 29 (2001)	AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	680,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 966 km narrow gauge: 966 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; common carrier railway service was discontinued in 1968 (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%	Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded domestic: facilities generally inadequate and unreliable international: country code - 593; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use	1.549 million (2003)	252,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2,394,400 (2003)	17,411 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	7 (plus 14 repeaters) (2001)	4 (1997)
Terrain	coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)	mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate	2.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)	1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.1%; note - underemployment of 47% (2004 est.)	11.8% (2001) (2001)
Waterways	1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003)	none

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